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Mode of Action (MoA)
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performs ADP-ribosylation of MazF, abolishing its toxicity.
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Evidence
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Infection assays showed that deletion of mazEF increased T4 phage burst size, implicating MazF as a defense factor. Mass spectrometry (ECO_0001096) revealed that MazF was mono-ADP-ribosylated with a 542 Da modification only during T4 infection, and this modification was absent when Alt was deleted (ECO_0001038), confirming Alt dependency. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Arg4 as the modified residue, and in vitro assays demonstrated that Alt catalyzes this modification using β-NAD⁺. Functional assays showed that ADP-ribosylation of MazF by Alt reduced its RNA cleavage activity by ~70%, supporting Alt’s role in neutralizing MazF toxicity during infection.
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MoA Category
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adds a post-translational modification and deactivates bacterial defence
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Subtype(s) of the defence system(s) inhibited by the protein
Defence Subtype
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Escherichia coli type II TA system MazEF
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Relevant publication(s)
DOI
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10.1111/mmi.13225
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Other components of the anti-defence system
Multicomponent System
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-
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Known structure in PDB
PDB ID
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-
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Genome(s) encoding the protein
Protein Source
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Enterobacteria phage T4
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Defence system(s) inhibited by the protein
Defences
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TA
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